Reference Page Info


Frame Types:

Primary frame names are flat phrase-structure representations of the frames, intended to be generalizable across classes. Some of the names include dot-extensions that indicate a thematic role type or underscore-extensions that indicate a complement type. These extensions can be used to subdivide frame types or ignored to use more general frame types. The names are a revision of the previous naming system, in which frames had both descriptive primary names and more specific secondary names that subdivided the frame types. The downloadable .xml files of the classes include the old primary and secondary names in the "secondary" feature, for those who still wish to use the information. The web pages do not display them, but they are included here for reference.

Image for thematic roles needs to go here

General Thematic Roles


Agent

Description: Actor in an event who initiates and carries out the event intentionally or consciously, and who exists independently of the event.

Example: THEY decided to go.

Theme

Description: Undergoer that is central to an event or state that does not have control over the way the event occurs, is not structurally changed by the event, and/or is characterized as being in a certain position or condition throughout the state.

Example: THE BALL rolled down the hill.

Patient

Description: An Undergoer in an event that is usually structurally changed, for instance by experiencing a change of state or condition; is often acted upon by an agent; is causally involved or directly affected by other participants; and exists independently of the event.

Example: Brutus murdered JULIUS CAESAR.

Destination

Description: Goal that is a concrete, physical location.

Example: Tamara poured water INTO THE BOWL.

Location

Description: Place that is concrete.

Example: Herbicides persist IN THE SOIL.

Result

Description: Goal that comes into existence through the event.

Example: He strangled his victims TO DEATH.

Attribute

Description: Circumstance that is a property of an entity or entities, as opposed to the entity itself.

Example: Oil increased IN PRICE.

Recipient

Description: An animate end point of the action (i.e., a subtype of Destination).

Example: They lent a bicycle TO ME.

Source

Description: The starting point (possibly metaphoric) of an action; it exists independently of the event.

Example: I gleaned FROM THE EVIDENCE how she did it.

Instrument

Description: Undergoer in an event that is manipulated by an agent, and with which an intentional act is performed; it exists independently of the event. For all roles containing symmetrical participants, we assume that the ordering is non-arbitrary and may be pragmatically determined and/or related to figure-ground considerations; however, the usefulness of this distinction may be application-specific.

Example: Jennifer baked the potatoes IN THE OVEN.

Topic

Description: Theme characterized by information content.

Example: Susan chitchatted with Rachel ABOUT THE PROBLEM.

Beneficiary

Description: Undergoer in a state or an event that is (potentially) advantaged or disadvantaged by the event or state.

Example: Martha carved a toy FOR THE BABY.

Initial_Location

Description: Source that indicates the concrete, physical location where an event begins or a state becomes true.

Example: Amanda drove the package FROM HOME.

Eventuality

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Experiencer

Description: Patient that is aware of the event undergone, which often involves an emotional or psychological response elicited by a Stimulus (specific to events of perception).

Example: THE CHILDREN tasted the pea soup.

Stimulus

Description: Cause in an event that elicits an emotional or psychological response (specific to events of perception).

Example: THE PEA SOUP tasted delicious.

Pivot

Description: Theme that participates in an event with another theme unequally. Pivot is much more central to the event (thereby distinguishing it from Co-Theme).

Example: THE RANCHER owns twelve oxen.

Goal

Description: The end point (possibly metaphoric) of the action, which exists independently of the event.

Example: No examples found

Co-Agent

Description: An Actor in an event who initiates and carries out the event intentionally or consciously, with equal responsibility to the Agent, and who exists independently of the event.

Example: No examples found

Causer

Description: An Actor in an event that initiates and effects the event and that exists independently of the event.

Example: No examples found

Trajectory

Description: Trajectory refers to the path or the 'region' the motion traverses when the motion event expresses a change of location.

Example: He came THROUGH THE DOOR.

Co-Patient

Description: An Undergoer in an event, with equal status to the Patient, that is usually structurally changed, for instance by experiencing a change of state or condition; is often acted upon by an agent, is causally involved or directly affected by other participants; and exists independently of the event.

Example: No examples found

Co-Theme

Description: An Undergoer, with equal status to the Theme, that is central to an event or state, does not have control over the way the event occurs, is not structurally changed by the event, and/or is characterized as being in a certain position or condition throughout the state.

Example: No examples found

Asset

Description: A Theme considered valuable to one or more participants in the event, especially money.

Example: No examples found

Value

Description: Place along a formal scale.

Example: He put the probability AT 0.9.

Material

Description: Patient that exists at the starting point of action (inheritance from Source), which is transformed through the event into a new entity; concrete or abstract.

Example: An oak tree will grow FROM THAT ACORN.

Product

Description: A concrete object that is the end point of the action and comes into existence through the action (i.e., a subtype of Result).

Example: AN OAK TREE will grow from that acorn.

Initial_State

Description: Source that indicates the state in which an entity begins.

Example: Need an example

Extent

Description: Value indicating the amount of measurable change to a participant over the course of the event.

Example: No examples found

Subeventuality

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Axis

Description: The point or object around which the Theme travels in elliptical motion

Example: No examples found

Maleficiary

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Manner

Description: Way or style of performing an action, or the degree/strength of a cognitive or emotional state.

Example: We lived ON $10 PER DAY.

Precondition

Description: An event or state of affairs that precedes or partially precedes another event or state and is necessary for that other event or state to occur.

Example: No examples found

Affector

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Circumstance

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Duration

Description: Length or extent of time.

Example: The party continued FOR TWO HOURS.

Path

Description: Path is the ‘region’ the motion traverses; the connecting region between the source and goal (both concrete and abstract) locations.

Example: She reached her hand OUT.

Reflexive

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Affector

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Agent

Description: Actor in an event who initiates and carries out the event intentionally or consciously, and who exists independently of the event.

Example: THEY decided to go.

Asset

Description: A Theme considered valuable to one or more participants in the event, especially money.

Example: No examples found

Attribute

Description: Circumstance that is a property of an entity or entities, as opposed to the entity itself.

Example: Oil increased IN PRICE.

Axis

Description: The point or object around which the Theme travels in elliptical motion

Example: No examples found

Beneficiary

Description: Undergoer in a state or an event that is (potentially) advantaged or disadvantaged by the event or state.

Example: Martha carved a toy FOR THE BABY.

Causer

Description: An Actor in an event that initiates and effects the event and that exists independently of the event.

Example: No examples found

Circumstance

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Co-Agent

Description: An Actor in an event who initiates and carries out the event intentionally or consciously, with equal responsibility to the Agent, and who exists independently of the event.

Example: No examples found

Co-Patient

Description: An Undergoer in an event, with equal status to the Patient, that is usually structurally changed, for instance by experiencing a change of state or condition; is often acted upon by an agent, is causally involved or directly affected by other participants; and exists independently of the event.

Example: No examples found

Co-Theme

Description: An Undergoer, with equal status to the Theme, that is central to an event or state, does not have control over the way the event occurs, is not structurally changed by the event, and/or is characterized as being in a certain position or condition throughout the state.

Example: No examples found

Destination

Description: Goal that is a concrete, physical location.

Example: Tamara poured water INTO THE BOWL.

Duration

Description: Length or extent of time.

Example: The party continued FOR TWO HOURS.

Eventuality

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Experiencer

Description: Patient that is aware of the event undergone, which often involves an emotional or psychological response elicited by a Stimulus (specific to events of perception).

Example: THE CHILDREN tasted the pea soup.

Extent

Description: Value indicating the amount of measurable change to a participant over the course of the event.

Example: No examples found

Goal

Description: The end point (possibly metaphoric) of the action, which exists independently of the event.

Example: No examples found

Initial_Location

Description: Source that indicates the concrete, physical location where an event begins or a state becomes true.

Example: Amanda drove the package FROM HOME.

Initial_State

Description: Source that indicates the state in which an entity begins.

Example: Need an example

Instrument

Description: Undergoer in an event that is manipulated by an agent, and with which an intentional act is performed; it exists independently of the event. For all roles containing symmetrical participants, we assume that the ordering is non-arbitrary and may be pragmatically determined and/or related to figure-ground considerations; however, the usefulness of this distinction may be application-specific.

Example: Jennifer baked the potatoes IN THE OVEN.

Location

Description: Place that is concrete.

Example: Herbicides persist IN THE SOIL.

Maleficiary

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Manner

Description: Way or style of performing an action, or the degree/strength of a cognitive or emotional state.

Example: We lived ON $10 PER DAY.

Material

Description: Patient that exists at the starting point of action (inheritance from Source), which is transformed through the event into a new entity; concrete or abstract.

Example: An oak tree will grow FROM THAT ACORN.

Path

Description: Path is the ‘region’ the motion traverses; the connecting region between the source and goal (both concrete and abstract) locations.

Example: She reached her hand OUT.

Patient

Description: An Undergoer in an event that is usually structurally changed, for instance by experiencing a change of state or condition; is often acted upon by an agent; is causally involved or directly affected by other participants; and exists independently of the event.

Example: Brutus murdered JULIUS CAESAR.

Pivot

Description: Theme that participates in an event with another theme unequally. Pivot is much more central to the event (thereby distinguishing it from Co-Theme).

Example: THE RANCHER owns twelve oxen.

Precondition

Description: An event or state of affairs that precedes or partially precedes another event or state and is necessary for that other event or state to occur.

Example: No examples found

Product

Description: A concrete object that is the end point of the action and comes into existence through the action (i.e., a subtype of Result).

Example: AN OAK TREE will grow from that acorn.

Recipient

Description: An animate end point of the action (i.e., a subtype of Destination).

Example: They lent a bicycle TO ME.

Reflexive

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Result

Description: Goal that comes into existence through the event.

Example: He strangled his victims TO DEATH.

Source

Description: The starting point (possibly metaphoric) of an action; it exists independently of the event.

Example: I gleaned FROM THE EVIDENCE how she did it.

Stimulus

Description: Cause in an event that elicits an emotional or psychological response (specific to events of perception).

Example: THE PEA SOUP tasted delicious.

Subeventuality

Description: No description found

Example: No examples found

Theme

Description: Undergoer that is central to an event or state that does not have control over the way the event occurs, is not structurally changed by the event, and/or is characterized as being in a certain position or condition throughout the state.

Example: THE BALL rolled down the hill.

Topic

Description: Theme characterized by information content.

Example: Susan chitchatted with Rachel ABOUT THE PROBLEM.

Trajectory

Description: Trajectory refers to the path or the 'region' the motion traverses when the motion event expresses a change of location.

Example: He came THROUGH THE DOOR.

Value

Description: Place along a formal scale.

Example: He put the probability AT 0.9.


cause

Description: An Affector (Agent, Cause, Stimulus, or Precondition) causes an event.

Classes containing cause: 282

has_location

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_location: 117

has_information

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_information: 51

do

Description: A participant engages in an action.

Classes containing do: 165

has_possession

Description: A Participant has possession of a Theme or Asset.

Classes containing has_possession: 36

motion

Description: An Agent or a Theme is in motion.

Classes containing motion: 86

transfer_info

Description: An Agent transfers some information/Topic to a Co-Agent or Recipient.

Classes containing transfer_info: 51

manner

Description: One or more Participants contribute to an event in a certain manner.

Classes containing manner: 38

has_state

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_state: 55

be

Description: No description found

Classes containing be: 32

contact

Description: Two participants come into physical contact.

Classes containing contact: 27

utilize

Description: An Agent uses a Theme or Instrument

Classes containing utilize: 33

transfer

Description: A Theme is transferred.

Classes containing transfer: 31

degradation_material_integrity

Description: An Patient or Co-Patient's wholeness is broken down.

Classes containing degradation_material_integrity: 7

has_emotional_state

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_emotional_state: 21

in_reaction_to

Description: A reaction occurs based on a Stimulus or Theme.

Classes containing in_reaction_to: 21

has_physical_form

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_physical_form: 7

together

Description: Two Undergoers are physically together.

Classes containing together: 15

co-temporal

Description: No description found

Classes containing co-temporal: 18

has_position

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_position: 8

part_of

Description: No description found

Classes containing part_of: 23

engage_in

Description: No description found

Classes containing engage_in: 22

attached

Description: An Agent attaches a Patient or Co-Patient using an Instrument.

Classes containing attached: 6

has_organization_role

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_organization_role: 9

has_material_integrity_state

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_material_integrity_state: 4

act

Description: No description found

Classes containing act: 29

has_value

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_value: 7

about

Description: Communication or a social event in relation to a Theme.

Classes containing about: 6

irrealis

Description: No description found

Classes containing irrealis: 14

social_interaction

Description: An Agent and a Co-Agent interact socially

Classes containing social_interaction: 9

emit

Description: Some kind of Theme is emitted from a Participant

Classes containing emit: 10

benefit

Description: A Beneficiary benefits from some event.

Classes containing benefit: 22

equals

Description: Indicates that two roles are equivalent.

Classes containing equals: 21

mingled

Description: A Patient and a Co-Patient, or Patients, are physically mixed or together.

Classes containing mingled: 6

occur

Description: An eventive Theme occurs.

Classes containing occur: 10

overlaps

Description: No description found

Classes containing overlaps: 10

authority_relationship

Description: An authority and a subordinate enter into a relationship.

Classes containing authority_relationship: 12

has_attribute

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_attribute: 9

body_process

Description: An animate Agent undergoes a bodily process.

Classes containing body_process: 17

assess

Description: An animate Agent or organization assesses a Theme to determine its Attribute/Value.

Classes containing assess: 7

think

Description: An Agent thinks (about) a Topic

Classes containing think: 8

understand

Description: An Experiencer understands a Stimulus, possibly as some Attribute.

Classes containing understand: 8

body_motion

Description: An Agent performs an action or motion with a part of his/her body.

Classes containing body_motion: 8

conflict

Description: An Agent or Co-Agent (animate or organization) engage in conflict.

Classes containing conflict: 5

contain

Description: A Pivot contains a Theme.

Classes containing contain: 14

desire

Description: A Participant desires a Theme or Stimulus.

Classes containing desire: 7

cost

Description: The cost of an event or or item is equal to a monetary Asset.

Classes containing cost: 10

exert_force

Description: An Affector exerts force on a Theme

Classes containing exert_force: 9

work

Description: An Agent works with/for a Co-Agent on a project/Theme.

Classes containing work: 6

change_value

Description: A Patient moves along a scale in some Direction to attain a new value.

Classes containing change_value: 4

harmed

Description: A body part Patient is harmed.

Classes containing harmed: 6

perceive

Description: A Participant preceives a Stimulus or Theme.

Classes containing perceive: 8

cooked

Description: A Patient is cooked into a certain Form.

Classes containing cooked: 1

made_of

Description: A Product or Result consists of a Material.

Classes containing made_of: 3

repeated_sequence

Description: No description found

Classes containing repeated_sequence: 4

take_care_of

Description: An Agent takes care of a Patient or Product.

Classes containing take_care_of: 12

declare

Description: A human or organizational Agent declares an Undergoer (as some Attribute/Result).

Classes containing declare: 7

opposition

Description: No description found

Classes containing opposition: 5

avoid

Description: An animate Agent avoids a Theme or Location

Classes containing avoid: 4

characterize

Description: An animate Agent or organization characterizes a Theme as an Attribute

Classes containing characterize: 7

cooperate

Description: An animate Agent or organization cooperates with another animate or organizational Agent/Co-Agent on some Theme.

Classes containing cooperate: 4

conclude

Description: An animate Agent or organization concludes an activity/Theme from a Source.

Classes containing conclude: 3

create_image

Description: No description found

Classes containing create_image: 5

has_temporal_location

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_temporal_location: 4

succeed

Description: No description found

Classes containing succeed: 6

visible

Description: A Participant is visible.

Classes containing visible: 2

endangered

Description: No description found

Classes containing endangered: 3

adjusted

Description: No description found

Classes containing adjusted: 1

alive

Description: An animate Patient is alive at the beginning or end of the event.

Classes containing alive: 4

has_designation

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_designation: 3

has_orientation

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_orientation: 2

indicate

Description: A Cause indicates a Topic to a possible Recipient.

Classes containing indicate: 3

support

Description: An Agent supports, or physically holds up, a Theme with an Instrument.

Classes containing support: 4

allow

Description: An Agent or organization allows a Beneficiary to engage in an activity (Theme).

Classes containing allow: 5

apply_heat

Description: Using an Instrument, heat is applied to a Patient.

Classes containing apply_heat: 1

approve

Description: An animate Agent or organization approves a Theme.

Classes containing approve: 3

body_sensation

Description: No description found

Classes containing body_sensation: 5

appear

Description: A Theme appears during an event in a Location.

Classes containing appear: 2

differ

Description: No description found

Classes containing differ: 3

has_configuration

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_configuration: 3

help

Description: An Affector helps a Beneficiary possibly with some project or activity/Theme.

Classes containing help: 3

involuntary

Description: A Participant has an involuntary bodily reaction.

Classes containing involuntary: 4

suffocated

Description: No description found

Classes containing suffocated: 1

attempt

Description: An animate Agent or organization attempts an activity (Theme).

Classes containing attempt: 3

body_reflex

Description: An animate Experiencer undergoes a bodily reflex, possibly in response to a Stimulus.

Classes containing body_reflex: 3

function

Description: A Theme fulfills or performs some function.

Classes containing function: 3

handle

Description: No description found

Classes containing handle: 6

has_set_member

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_set_member: 5

involved

Description: No description found

Classes containing involved: 3

operate_vehicle

Description: No description found

Classes containing operate_vehicle: 2

perform

Description: An Agent gives a performance of some Theme.

Classes containing perform: 4

correlated

Description: No description found

Classes containing correlated: 1

covered

Description: An Agent covers a Patient with a Material.

Classes containing covered: 1

destroyed

Description: An Agent destroys a concrete Patient.

Classes containing destroyed: 1

fictive_motion

Description: No description found

Classes containing fictive_motion: 3

free

Description: A Theme is liberated from a Source.

Classes containing free: 3

full_of

Description: No description found

Classes containing full_of: 3

intrinsic_motion

Description: No description found

Classes containing intrinsic_motion: 2

penetrating

Description: No description found

Classes containing penetrating: 1

temporal_motion

Description: No description found

Classes containing temporal_motion: 4

charge

Description: A human Agent or organization apprehends a human Patient for some crime/Theme.

Classes containing charge: 2

depend

Description: A Theme depends on an Agent or Pivot.

Classes containing depend: 1

develop

Description: No description found

Classes containing develop: 2

discomfort

Description: A body part Patient experiences discomfort

Classes containing discomfort: 2

duration

Description: No description found

Classes containing duration: 2

harm

Description: No description found

Classes containing harm: 4

has_sentiment

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_sentiment: 3

intend

Description: No description found

Classes containing intend: 3

judge

Description: No description found

Classes containing judge: 3

rotational_motion

Description: A Theme rotates.

Classes containing rotational_motion: 2

become

Description: No description found

Classes containing become: 1

believe

Description: An animate Agent or organization believes a Theme to be in some event or state.

Classes containing believe: 3

calculate

Description: An animate Agent or organization uses a plural Theme or a Theme and a Co-Theme to calculate some result.

Classes containing calculate: 4

confined

Description: A Theme is confined.

Classes containing confined: 2

discourage

Description: No description found

Classes containing discourage: 2

elliptical_motion

Description: No description found

Classes containing elliptical_motion: 2

ensure

Description: A Theme is ensured, possibly for a Beneficiary

Classes containing ensure: 1

harmonize

Description: An Theme corresponds or harmonizes with a Co-Theme.

Classes containing harmonize: 1

has_role

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_role: 3

injury

Description: No description found

Classes containing injury: 3

limit

Description: A Cause limits a Patient, possibly to some Goal.

Classes containing limit: 1

pace

Description: No description found

Classes containing pace: 2

require

Description: A Participant requires an Undergoer from a Source or to engage in a Result.

Classes containing require: 2

seem

Description: A Theme seems to be some Attribute.

Classes containing seem: 4

spend

Description: An Agent spends an Asset on a Goal

Classes containing spend: 2

spend_time

Description: No description found

Classes containing spend_time: 1

start

Description: No description found

Classes containing start: 2

subjugated

Description: A Patient is subjugated or repressed.

Classes containing subjugated: 1

use

Description: An Agent uses a Theme or Instrument.

Classes containing use: 1

wear

Description: An Agent wears an item of clothing/Theme

Classes containing wear: 3

abide_by

Description: No description found

Classes containing abide_by: 2

admit

Description: An Agent allows an entity Theme to enter a Location.

Classes containing admit: 2

apply_material

Description: An Agent applies a Material to a Patient.

Classes containing apply_material: 1

encourage

Description: No description found

Classes containing encourage: 1

endure

Description: No description found

Classes containing endure: 1

financial_interest_in

Description: A Theme or an Asset is placed in a financial interest, or Goal.

Classes containing financial_interest_in: 2

has_spatial_relationship

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_spatial_relationship: 3

meets

Description: Event 0 and Event 1 intersect (temporally).

Classes containing meets: 2

necessitate

Description: A Pivot requires a Theme of/from some Source.

Classes containing necessitate: 1

procreate

Description: No description found

Classes containing procreate: 3

suspect

Description: An Agent suspects a Theme of an Attribute.

Classes containing suspect: 1

weather

Description: A weather event occurs, possibly precipitating some entity/Theme.

Classes containing weather: 1

completed

Description: No description found

Classes containing completed: 1

control

Description: No description found

Classes containing control: 1

dedicate

Description: An animate or organizational Agent dedicates a Theme, often reciprocal, to a Goal.

Classes containing dedicate: 1

disappear

Description: A Patient disappears from an Initial Location during an event

Classes containing disappear: 2

exceed

Description: A Theme exceeds a Co-Theme in some Attribute (by an Extent)

Classes containing exceed: 1

financial_interaction

Description: No description found

Classes containing financial_interaction: 1

Find

Description: No description found

Classes containing Find: 1

finish

Description: No description found

Classes containing finish: 1

give_birth

Description: An Agent gives birth to a Patient.

Classes containing give_birth: 2

has_capacity

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_capacity: 1

relate

Description: A Theme relates/pertains to a Co-Theme.

Classes containing relate: 2

reside

Description: No description found

Classes containing reside: 1

satisfy

Description: An Agent satisfies a Theme, or requirement, with an Instrument.

Classes containing satisfy: 1

signify

Description: A Theme represents a Co-Theme in some Context.

Classes containing signify: 1

sleep

Description: An Agent sleeps.

Classes containing sleep: 2

voided

Description: No description found

Classes containing voided: 1

yield

Description: An Agent yields to a Co-Agent or Theme.

Classes containing yield: 1

discover

Description: An animate Agent or organization learns of a Theme possibly from a source

Classes containing discover: 1

earn

Description: A Theme earns a value/ asset

Classes containing earn: 1

has_boundary

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_boundary: 1

abide_by

Description: No description found

Classes containing abide_by: 2

about

Description: Communication or a social event in relation to a Theme.

Classes containing about: 6

act

Description: No description found

Classes containing act: 29

adjusted

Description: No description found

Classes containing adjusted: 1

admit

Description: An Agent allows an entity Theme to enter a Location.

Classes containing admit: 2

alive

Description: An animate Patient is alive at the beginning or end of the event.

Classes containing alive: 4

allow

Description: An Agent or organization allows a Beneficiary to engage in an activity (Theme).

Classes containing allow: 5

appear

Description: A Theme appears during an event in a Location.

Classes containing appear: 2

apply_heat

Description: Using an Instrument, heat is applied to a Patient.

Classes containing apply_heat: 1

apply_material

Description: An Agent applies a Material to a Patient.

Classes containing apply_material: 1

approve

Description: An animate Agent or organization approves a Theme.

Classes containing approve: 3

assess

Description: An animate Agent or organization assesses a Theme to determine its Attribute/Value.

Classes containing assess: 7

attached

Description: An Agent attaches a Patient or Co-Patient using an Instrument.

Classes containing attached: 6

attempt

Description: An animate Agent or organization attempts an activity (Theme).

Classes containing attempt: 3

authority_relationship

Description: An authority and a subordinate enter into a relationship.

Classes containing authority_relationship: 12

avoid

Description: An animate Agent avoids a Theme or Location

Classes containing avoid: 4

be

Description: No description found

Classes containing be: 32

become

Description: No description found

Classes containing become: 1

believe

Description: An animate Agent or organization believes a Theme to be in some event or state.

Classes containing believe: 3

benefit

Description: A Beneficiary benefits from some event.

Classes containing benefit: 22

body_motion

Description: An Agent performs an action or motion with a part of his/her body.

Classes containing body_motion: 8

body_process

Description: An animate Agent undergoes a bodily process.

Classes containing body_process: 17

body_reflex

Description: An animate Experiencer undergoes a bodily reflex, possibly in response to a Stimulus.

Classes containing body_reflex: 3

body_sensation

Description: No description found

Classes containing body_sensation: 5

calculate

Description: An animate Agent or organization uses a plural Theme or a Theme and a Co-Theme to calculate some result.

Classes containing calculate: 4

cause

Description: An Affector (Agent, Cause, Stimulus, or Precondition) causes an event.

Classes containing cause: 282

change_value

Description: A Patient moves along a scale in some Direction to attain a new value.

Classes containing change_value: 4

characterize

Description: An animate Agent or organization characterizes a Theme as an Attribute

Classes containing characterize: 7

charge

Description: A human Agent or organization apprehends a human Patient for some crime/Theme.

Classes containing charge: 2

co-temporal

Description: No description found

Classes containing co-temporal: 18

completed

Description: No description found

Classes containing completed: 1

conclude

Description: An animate Agent or organization concludes an activity/Theme from a Source.

Classes containing conclude: 3

confined

Description: A Theme is confined.

Classes containing confined: 2

conflict

Description: An Agent or Co-Agent (animate or organization) engage in conflict.

Classes containing conflict: 5

contact

Description: Two participants come into physical contact.

Classes containing contact: 27

contain

Description: A Pivot contains a Theme.

Classes containing contain: 14

control

Description: No description found

Classes containing control: 1

cooked

Description: A Patient is cooked into a certain Form.

Classes containing cooked: 1

cooperate

Description: An animate Agent or organization cooperates with another animate or organizational Agent/Co-Agent on some Theme.

Classes containing cooperate: 4

correlated

Description: No description found

Classes containing correlated: 1

cost

Description: The cost of an event or or item is equal to a monetary Asset.

Classes containing cost: 10

covered

Description: An Agent covers a Patient with a Material.

Classes containing covered: 1

create_image

Description: No description found

Classes containing create_image: 5

declare

Description: A human or organizational Agent declares an Undergoer (as some Attribute/Result).

Classes containing declare: 7

dedicate

Description: An animate or organizational Agent dedicates a Theme, often reciprocal, to a Goal.

Classes containing dedicate: 1

degradation_material_integrity

Description: An Patient or Co-Patient's wholeness is broken down.

Classes containing degradation_material_integrity: 7

depend

Description: A Theme depends on an Agent or Pivot.

Classes containing depend: 1

desire

Description: A Participant desires a Theme or Stimulus.

Classes containing desire: 7

destroyed

Description: An Agent destroys a concrete Patient.

Classes containing destroyed: 1

develop

Description: No description found

Classes containing develop: 2

differ

Description: No description found

Classes containing differ: 3

disappear

Description: A Patient disappears from an Initial Location during an event

Classes containing disappear: 2

discomfort

Description: A body part Patient experiences discomfort

Classes containing discomfort: 2

discourage

Description: No description found

Classes containing discourage: 2

discover

Description: An animate Agent or organization learns of a Theme possibly from a source

Classes containing discover: 1

do

Description: A participant engages in an action.

Classes containing do: 165

duration

Description: No description found

Classes containing duration: 2

earn

Description: A Theme earns a value/ asset

Classes containing earn: 1

elliptical_motion

Description: No description found

Classes containing elliptical_motion: 2

emit

Description: Some kind of Theme is emitted from a Participant

Classes containing emit: 10

encourage

Description: No description found

Classes containing encourage: 1

endangered

Description: No description found

Classes containing endangered: 3

endure

Description: No description found

Classes containing endure: 1

engage_in

Description: No description found

Classes containing engage_in: 22

ensure

Description: A Theme is ensured, possibly for a Beneficiary

Classes containing ensure: 1

equals

Description: Indicates that two roles are equivalent.

Classes containing equals: 21

exceed

Description: A Theme exceeds a Co-Theme in some Attribute (by an Extent)

Classes containing exceed: 1

exert_force

Description: An Affector exerts force on a Theme

Classes containing exert_force: 9

fictive_motion

Description: No description found

Classes containing fictive_motion: 3

financial_interaction

Description: No description found

Classes containing financial_interaction: 1

financial_interest_in

Description: A Theme or an Asset is placed in a financial interest, or Goal.

Classes containing financial_interest_in: 2

Find

Description: No description found

Classes containing Find: 1

finish

Description: No description found

Classes containing finish: 1

free

Description: A Theme is liberated from a Source.

Classes containing free: 3

full_of

Description: No description found

Classes containing full_of: 3

function

Description: A Theme fulfills or performs some function.

Classes containing function: 3

give_birth

Description: An Agent gives birth to a Patient.

Classes containing give_birth: 2

handle

Description: No description found

Classes containing handle: 6

harm

Description: No description found

Classes containing harm: 4

harmed

Description: A body part Patient is harmed.

Classes containing harmed: 6

harmonize

Description: An Theme corresponds or harmonizes with a Co-Theme.

Classes containing harmonize: 1

has_attribute

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_attribute: 9

has_boundary

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_boundary: 1

has_capacity

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_capacity: 1

has_configuration

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_configuration: 3

has_designation

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_designation: 3

has_emotional_state

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_emotional_state: 21

has_information

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_information: 51

has_location

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_location: 117

has_material_integrity_state

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_material_integrity_state: 4

has_organization_role

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_organization_role: 9

has_orientation

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_orientation: 2

has_physical_form

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_physical_form: 7

has_position

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_position: 8

has_possession

Description: A Participant has possession of a Theme or Asset.

Classes containing has_possession: 36

has_role

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_role: 3

has_sentiment

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_sentiment: 3

has_set_member

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_set_member: 5

has_spatial_relationship

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_spatial_relationship: 3

has_state

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_state: 55

has_temporal_location

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_temporal_location: 4

has_value

Description: No description found

Classes containing has_value: 7

help

Description: An Affector helps a Beneficiary possibly with some project or activity/Theme.

Classes containing help: 3

in_reaction_to

Description: A reaction occurs based on a Stimulus or Theme.

Classes containing in_reaction_to: 21

indicate

Description: A Cause indicates a Topic to a possible Recipient.

Classes containing indicate: 3

injury

Description: No description found

Classes containing injury: 3

intend

Description: No description found

Classes containing intend: 3

intrinsic_motion

Description: No description found

Classes containing intrinsic_motion: 2

involuntary

Description: A Participant has an involuntary bodily reaction.

Classes containing involuntary: 4

involved

Description: No description found

Classes containing involved: 3

irrealis

Description: No description found

Classes containing irrealis: 14

judge

Description: No description found

Classes containing judge: 3

limit

Description: A Cause limits a Patient, possibly to some Goal.

Classes containing limit: 1

made_of

Description: A Product or Result consists of a Material.

Classes containing made_of: 3

manner

Description: One or more Participants contribute to an event in a certain manner.

Classes containing manner: 38

meets

Description: Event 0 and Event 1 intersect (temporally).

Classes containing meets: 2

mingled

Description: A Patient and a Co-Patient, or Patients, are physically mixed or together.

Classes containing mingled: 6

motion

Description: An Agent or a Theme is in motion.

Classes containing motion: 86

necessitate

Description: A Pivot requires a Theme of/from some Source.

Classes containing necessitate: 1

occur

Description: An eventive Theme occurs.

Classes containing occur: 10

operate_vehicle

Description: No description found

Classes containing operate_vehicle: 2

opposition

Description: No description found

Classes containing opposition: 5

overlaps

Description: No description found

Classes containing overlaps: 10

pace

Description: No description found

Classes containing pace: 2

part_of

Description: No description found

Classes containing part_of: 23

penetrating

Description: No description found

Classes containing penetrating: 1

perceive

Description: A Participant preceives a Stimulus or Theme.

Classes containing perceive: 8

perform

Description: An Agent gives a performance of some Theme.

Classes containing perform: 4

procreate

Description: No description found

Classes containing procreate: 3

relate

Description: A Theme relates/pertains to a Co-Theme.

Classes containing relate: 2

repeated_sequence

Description: No description found

Classes containing repeated_sequence: 4

require

Description: A Participant requires an Undergoer from a Source or to engage in a Result.

Classes containing require: 2

reside

Description: No description found

Classes containing reside: 1

rotational_motion

Description: A Theme rotates.

Classes containing rotational_motion: 2

satisfy

Description: An Agent satisfies a Theme, or requirement, with an Instrument.

Classes containing satisfy: 1

seem

Description: A Theme seems to be some Attribute.

Classes containing seem: 4

signify

Description: A Theme represents a Co-Theme in some Context.

Classes containing signify: 1

sleep

Description: An Agent sleeps.

Classes containing sleep: 2

social_interaction

Description: An Agent and a Co-Agent interact socially

Classes containing social_interaction: 9

spend

Description: An Agent spends an Asset on a Goal

Classes containing spend: 2

spend_time

Description: No description found

Classes containing spend_time: 1

start

Description: No description found

Classes containing start: 2

subjugated

Description: A Patient is subjugated or repressed.

Classes containing subjugated: 1

succeed

Description: No description found

Classes containing succeed: 6

suffocated

Description: No description found

Classes containing suffocated: 1

support

Description: An Agent supports, or physically holds up, a Theme with an Instrument.

Classes containing support: 4

suspect

Description: An Agent suspects a Theme of an Attribute.

Classes containing suspect: 1

take_care_of

Description: An Agent takes care of a Patient or Product.

Classes containing take_care_of: 12

temporal_motion

Description: No description found

Classes containing temporal_motion: 4

think

Description: An Agent thinks (about) a Topic

Classes containing think: 8

together

Description: Two Undergoers are physically together.

Classes containing together: 15

transfer

Description: A Theme is transferred.

Classes containing transfer: 31

transfer_info

Description: An Agent transfers some information/Topic to a Co-Agent or Recipient.

Classes containing transfer_info: 51

understand

Description: An Experiencer understands a Stimulus, possibly as some Attribute.

Classes containing understand: 8

use

Description: An Agent uses a Theme or Instrument.

Classes containing use: 1

utilize

Description: An Agent uses a Theme or Instrument

Classes containing utilize: 33

visible

Description: A Participant is visible.

Classes containing visible: 2

voided

Description: No description found

Classes containing voided: 1

wear

Description: An Agent wears an item of clothing/Theme

Classes containing wear: 3

weather

Description: A weather event occurs, possibly precipitating some entity/Theme.

Classes containing weather: 1

work

Description: An Agent works with/for a Co-Agent on a project/Theme.

Classes containing work: 6

yield

Description: An Agent yields to a Co-Agent or Theme.

Classes containing yield: 1

Verb Specific Features


Classes containing : 547

Classes containing end_cognitive_state:: 1

Classes containing property_changed:: 5

Classes containing negative_feeling: 4

Classes containing result:: 7

Classes containing direction_of_change:: 3

Classes containing agent_attitude:: 4

Classes containing covering_entity_type:: 1

Classes containing +manner_of_motion: 4

Classes containing +neg_feeling: 4

Classes containing positive_feeling: 3

Classes containing end_state:: 3

Classes containing +pos_feeling: 4

Classes containing speech_Act_Type:: 4

Classes containing container_type:: 2

Classes containing increase: 3

Classes containing +loud: 1

Classes containing None: 3

Classes containing activity:: 2

Classes containing activity_type:: 4

Classes containing experiencer_cognitive_state:: 1

Classes containing purpose:: 8

Classes containing decrease: 3

Classes containing Artifact: 3

Classes containing covering_purpose:: 1

Classes containing +improve: 2

Classes containing Negative: 3

Classes containing +decrease: 3

Classes containing +path_shape: 3

Classes containing +increase: 2

Classes containing +substance_type: 1

Classes containing Activity: 5

Classes containing +voice_manner: 1

Classes containing Cause: 5

Classes containing size;: 2

Classes containing +solid: 3

Classes containing Clothing: 3

Classes containing Favorable: 2

Classes containing negative_feeling;: 3

Classes containing +induce: 2

Classes containing color: 4

Classes containing intensity;: 2

Classes containing Material: 3

Classes containing +act_smiling: 1

Classes containing +medium_ground: 2

Classes containing event_type:: 2

Classes containing travel: 3

Classes containing +liquid: 4

Classes containing +manner: 3

Classes containing surprise: 2

Classes containing +purpose: 2

Classes containing +seeing: 1

Classes containing Functional: 1

Classes containing Object: 2

Classes containing vehicle_type:: 2

Classes containing velocity:: 3

Classes containing +compel: 1

Classes containing +confusion: 1

Classes containing +cover: 2

Classes containing +directionOfMotion: 2

Classes containing +fast: 3

Classes containing Destroyed: 1

Classes containing instrument_type:: 1

Classes containing physical_state: 1

Classes containing quality;: 2

Classes containing Say: 2

Classes containing Substance: 1

Classes containing +damage: 2

Classes containing +force_involved: 2

Classes containing +fry: 1

Classes containing negative_feeling,: 2

Classes containing physical_constitution: 3

Classes containing positive_feeling;: 2

Classes containing +human_agent: 1

Classes containing +speed: 1

Classes containing -respect: 2

Classes containing Architectural: 2

Classes containing physical_state;: 2

Classes containing Positive: 3

Classes containing walk,: 3

Classes containing +abstract_patient: 1

Classes containing +boil: 1

Classes containing +decorate: 1

Classes containing +medium_water: 2

Classes containing -join: 2

Classes containing attitude:: 4

Classes containing Container: 2

Classes containing disassemble_type:: 1

Classes containing Household: 2

Classes containing Improve: 1

Classes containing Report_Polarity:: 2

Classes containing separate: 1

Classes containing temperature;: 3

Classes containing Transfer: 4

Classes containing +enable: 3

Classes containing +heat: 1

Classes containing +prolonged: 1

Classes containing -enable: 2

Classes containing Acquire;: 2

Classes containing and: 1

Classes containing Drugs: 1

Classes containing fear: 2

Classes containing food: 1

Classes containing negative: 2

Classes containing patient_type:: 2

Classes containing Reporting: 2

Classes containing +attention: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_fingers: 1

Classes containing +exagerated_breath: 1

Classes containing +force_away_from_agent: 2

Classes containing +mix: 1

Classes containing +roast: 1

Classes containing +stain: 1

Classes containing +unintelligible: 1

Classes containing end_mental_state:: 1

Classes containing existence: 2

Classes containing expressive_act:: 1

Classes containing feeling;: 2

Classes containing Medicines: 1

Classes containing of: 5

Classes containing prepare: 1

Classes containing process:: 1

Classes containing Reporting;: 2

Classes containing speed;: 1

Classes containing +act_singing: 1

Classes containing +act_sobbing: 2

Classes containing +bake: 1

Classes containing +clean: 2

Classes containing +harsh: 1

Classes containing +hydrated: 2

Classes containing +join: 2

Classes containing +manner_of_motion;: 3

Classes containing +medium_air: 1

Classes containing +prepare: 1

Classes containing +repeated: 1

Classes containing +specific_patient: 1

Classes containing +substance: 4

Classes containing +V_Duration: 1

Classes containing -improve: 2

Classes containing Appreciate: 1

Classes containing Capture;: 2

Classes containing Curve: 2

Classes containing direction_of_motion:: 2

Classes containing entity_type:: 1

Classes containing Lead: 1

Classes containing Move: 2

Classes containing playful;: 1

Classes containing Relation: 2

Classes containing satisfaction: 1

Classes containing size: 1

Classes containing Steal: 2

Classes containing Substance,: 1

Classes containing Vehicle: 2

Classes containing +barbecue: 1

Classes containing +block: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_head: 1

Classes containing +complaining: 1

Classes containing +contaminate: 1

Classes containing +create: 2

Classes containing +feeling_anger: 1

Classes containing +force_toward_agent: 1

Classes containing +medium_snow: 1

Classes containing +rub: 1

Classes containing +trivial_content: 1

Classes containing -attention: 2

Classes containing Acquire: 1

Classes containing Advice: 3

Classes containing Appearance;: 1

Classes containing Change: 4

Classes containing Contain: 3

Classes containing Damaging: 1

Classes containing descend: 2

Classes containing Driving: 2

Classes containing Grooming: 1

Classes containing influence: 1

Classes containing Location: 3

Classes containing medium:: 2

Classes containing plant: 1

Classes containing process_type:: 2

Classes containing product_shape:: 1

Classes containing recreational: 1

Classes containing Representational: 1

Classes containing Sadness: 1

Classes containing Solid: 1

Classes containing theme_end_state:: 2

Classes containing +act_laughing: 1

Classes containing +aggressive: 1

Classes containing +animate: 2

Classes containing +arranging: 1

Classes containing +destroy: 2

Classes containing +direction_neutral_variation: 1

Classes containing +dirty: 1

Classes containing +end: 1

Classes containing +equality: 1

Classes containing +feeling_astonished: 1

Classes containing +fluctuate: 1

Classes containing +intention_scornful: 1

Classes containing +perceiving: 1

Classes containing +smelling: 1

Classes containing +specific_form: 1

Classes containing -communication: 1

Classes containing -hydrated: 2

Classes containing -lagal: 2

Classes containing Acquire,: 2

Classes containing angry: 2

Classes containing Appearance: 1

Classes containing Ascend: 2

Classes containing Boat;: 2

Classes containing Capture: 3

Classes containing constitutive_state;: 1

Classes containing descrease: 1

Classes containing emited_theme:: 1

Classes containing Enclosure: 2

Classes containing event:: 1

Classes containing Excretion: 2

Classes containing existence;: 2

Classes containing final_state:: 1

Classes containing health;: 2

Classes containing hike: 2

Classes containing hike,: 2

Classes containing inform: 2

Classes containing InstrumentTelic: 2

Classes containing intensity,: 1

Classes containing legality:: 2

Classes containing location;: 1

Classes containing motion_medium:: 3

Classes containing Opposition: 2

Classes containing procedure:: 2

Classes containing Product: 2

Classes containing specific_shape: 1

Classes containing strength;: 2

Classes containing surgical: 2

Classes containing taste: 1

Classes containing threaten: 1

Classes containing to: 2

Classes containing travel;: 3

Classes containing Water: 2

Classes containing Weapon: 1

Classes containing with: 2

Classes containing +begin: 1

Classes containing +biking: 2

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_eyes: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_foot: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_hand: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_hand_palm: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_hands: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_joint: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_lips: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_mouth: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_teeth: 1

Classes containing +brown: 1

Classes containing +compression_of_patient: 1

Classes containing +create;: 2

Classes containing +decrease+directionOfChange_decrease: 1

Classes containing +destination_focus: 1

Classes containing +enable;: 2

Classes containing +intention_involuntary: 1

Classes containing +manner_harsh: 1

Classes containing +season: 1

Classes containing +shape: 1

Classes containing +stew: 1

Classes containing +surround: 1

Classes containing +writing: 1

Classes containing -contain: 1

Classes containing -enable;: 1

Classes containing -satisfaction,: 1

Classes containing Accident: 1

Classes containing air: 2

Classes containing Area: 1

Classes containing Artifact,: 2

Classes containing ascend;: 1

Classes containing Assistance: 2

Classes containing behavior;: 1

Classes containing Body: 1

Classes containing Celebrate: 1

Classes containing CoAgentive: 1

Classes containing Combustible: 1

Classes containing Configurative: 1

Classes containing conscious_state: 2

Classes containing deceive: 1

Classes containing decrease;: 2

Classes containing desire: 1

Classes containing Desire: 1

Classes containing disclose: 1

Classes containing Favorable;: 1

Classes containing fear,: 1

Classes containing flavour: 1

Classes containing Forgive: 1

Classes containing Free: 1

Classes containing Furniture: 1

Classes containing Geographical: 1

Classes containing Grooming;: 1

Classes containing Hit: 1

Classes containing Hydrate: 1

Classes containing Imply: 2

Classes containing Imply;: 1

Classes containing increase;: 1

Classes containing influence;: 1

Classes containing Locative: 1

Classes containing material_used_type:: 1

Classes containing negative;: 1

Classes containing open: 1

Classes containing Part: 1

Classes containing persuade: 1

Classes containing Physical: 2

Classes containing physical_constitution,: 1

Classes containing positive: 2

Classes containing price;: 1

Classes containing quality: 2

Classes containing recreational;: 2

Classes containing Remove: 2

Classes containing Removed: 1

Classes containing Respond: 1

Classes containing specific_end_product: 1

Classes containing Sport: 1

Classes containing sport: 2

Classes containing Summon: 1

Classes containing Waste: 1

Classes containing Wheel: 1

Classes containing Write: 2

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_eyebrows: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_eyelashes: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_face: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_feet: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_hair: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_limbs: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_muscles: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_neck: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_shoulders: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_tail: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_thumbs: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_tongue: 1

Classes containing +contain: 1

Classes containing +curious: 1

Classes containing +decrease+directionOfChenge_decrease: 1

Classes containing +disease: 1

Classes containing +fast;: 1

Classes containing +feeling_despair: 1

Classes containing +gas: 1

Classes containing +head: 1

Classes containing +hearing: 1

Classes containing +human;: 1

Classes containing +increase+directionOfChange_increase: 1

Classes containing +increase+directionOfChenge_increase: 1

Classes containing +intention_threatening: 1

Classes containing +manner_breathy: 1

Classes containing +manner_of_motion,: 1

Classes containing +manner_singing: 1

Classes containing +plant;: 1

Classes containing +respect: 1

Classes containing +satisfaction: 1

Classes containing +soak: 1

Classes containing +tasting: 1

Classes containing -clean: 1

Classes containing -satisfaction;: 1

Classes containing Accuse: 1

Classes containing Advice,: 1

Classes containing agent_type:: 1

Classes containing Air: 1

Classes containing Amass: 1

Classes containing Aperture: 1

Classes containing aperture: 1

Classes containing Appearance,: 1

Classes containing appearance;: 1

Classes containing Arrive: 1

Classes containing Artifact;: 1

Classes containing Artifactual: 1

Classes containing aspect:: 1

Classes containing attention: 1

Classes containing Battle;: 1

Classes containing Behavior: 1

Classes containing believe: 1

Classes containing Boat: 1

Classes containing Break;: 1

Classes containing Broken: 1

Classes containing Business: 1

Classes containing Car: 1

Classes containing celebrate: 1

Classes containing Classify: 1

Classes containing color,: 1

Classes containing Combustible,: 1

Classes containing competetive: 1

Classes containing confusion: 1

Classes containing Conscious: 1

Classes containing Constitution: 1

Classes containing Constitutive: 1

Classes containing constitutive_state: 1

Classes containing Construction: 1

Classes containing contact_manner;: 1

Classes containing continue: 1

Classes containing Cosmetic: 1

Classes containing covering_entity_property:: 1

Classes containing Create: 1

Classes containing create: 1

Classes containing Dairy: 1

Classes containing Damage: 1

Classes containing Damaged: 1

Classes containing Damaging;: 1

Classes containing Deceive: 1

Classes containing Defeat: 1

Classes containing Dent: 1

Classes containing Destroyed;: 1

Classes containing Device: 1

Classes containing Disease: 1

Classes containing Dislike: 1

Classes containing Doubt: 1

Classes containing Drive: 1

Classes containing effortful: 1

Classes containing Energy: 1

Classes containing engine;: 1

Classes containing Excretion;: 1

Classes containing Fastness: 1

Classes containing Favorable,: 1

Classes containing flavour;: 1

Classes containing Fold: 1

Classes containing Food: 1

Classes containing Food,: 1

Classes containing food,: 1

Classes containing food;: 1

Classes containing Food;: 1

Classes containing Force: 1

Classes containing Forgive;: 1

Classes containing free: 1

Classes containing from: 1

Classes containing furniture: 1

Classes containing In: 1

Classes containing Institution;: 1

Classes containing Join: 1

Classes containing Justify: 1

Classes containing liquid: 1

Classes containing location: 1

Classes containing Location;: 1

Classes containing manner_of_motion:: 1

Classes containing Marker: 1

Classes containing Material,: 1

Classes containing Mediate: 1

Classes containing Medicines;: 1

Classes containing Metal: 1

Classes containing Mineral: 1

Classes containing Natural: 1

Classes containing Nonwholeness: 1

Classes containing Opposition;: 1

Classes containing path_shape: 1

Classes containing Privative: 1

Classes containing Produce: 1

Classes containing Production: 1

Classes containing Propose: 1

Classes containing protect: 1

Classes containing protection: 1

Classes containing Punish: 1

Classes containing Relation;: 1

Classes containing Religious: 1

Classes containing Remove;: 1

Classes containing Retaliate: 1

Classes containing returning: 1

Classes containing Riding: 1

Classes containing Saving: 1

Classes containing Say,: 1

Classes containing Secretion: 1

Classes containing shape: 1

Classes containing Site: 1

Classes containing size,: 1

Classes containing Sound: 1

Classes containing sport,: 1

Classes containing State: 1

Classes containing State;: 1

Classes containing strength,: 1

Classes containing substance: 1

Classes containing Surface: 1

Classes containing surface: 1

Classes containing surface;: 1

Classes containing surprise,: 1

Classes containing surprise;: 1

Classes containing travel,: 1

Classes containing turning: 1

Classes containing Underground: 1

Classes containing water: 1

Classes containing Wood: 1

Classes containing : 547

Classes containing +abstract_patient: 1

Classes containing +act_laughing: 1

Classes containing +act_singing: 1

Classes containing +act_smiling: 1

Classes containing +act_sobbing: 2

Classes containing +aggressive: 1

Classes containing +animate: 2

Classes containing +arranging: 1

Classes containing +attention: 1

Classes containing +bake: 1

Classes containing +barbecue: 1

Classes containing +begin: 1

Classes containing +biking: 2

Classes containing +block: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_eyebrows: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_eyelashes: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_eyes: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_face: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_feet: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_fingers: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_foot: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_hair: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_hand: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_hand_palm: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_hands: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_head: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_joint: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_limbs: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_lips: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_mouth: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_muscles: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_neck: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_shoulders: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_tail: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_teeth: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_thumbs: 1

Classes containing +bodyPartMotion_tongue: 1

Classes containing +boil: 1

Classes containing +brown: 1

Classes containing +clean: 2

Classes containing +compel: 1

Classes containing +complaining: 1

Classes containing +compression_of_patient: 1

Classes containing +confusion: 1

Classes containing +contain: 1

Classes containing +contaminate: 1

Classes containing +cover: 2

Classes containing +create: 2

Classes containing +create;: 2

Classes containing +curious: 1

Classes containing +damage: 2

Classes containing +decorate: 1

Classes containing +decrease: 3

Classes containing +decrease+directionOfChange_decrease: 1

Classes containing +decrease+directionOfChenge_decrease: 1

Classes containing +destination_focus: 1

Classes containing +destroy: 2

Classes containing +direction_neutral_variation: 1

Classes containing +directionOfMotion: 2

Classes containing +dirty: 1

Classes containing +disease: 1

Classes containing +enable: 3

Classes containing +enable;: 2

Classes containing +end: 1

Classes containing +equality: 1

Classes containing +exagerated_breath: 1

Classes containing +fast: 3

Classes containing +fast;: 1

Classes containing +feeling_anger: 1

Classes containing +feeling_astonished: 1

Classes containing +feeling_despair: 1

Classes containing +fluctuate: 1

Classes containing +force_away_from_agent: 2

Classes containing +force_involved: 2

Classes containing +force_toward_agent: 1

Classes containing +fry: 1

Classes containing +gas: 1

Classes containing +harsh: 1

Classes containing +head: 1

Classes containing +hearing: 1

Classes containing +heat: 1

Classes containing +human;: 1

Classes containing +human_agent: 1

Classes containing +hydrated: 2

Classes containing +improve: 2

Classes containing +increase: 2

Classes containing +increase+directionOfChange_increase: 1

Classes containing +increase+directionOfChenge_increase: 1

Classes containing +induce: 2

Classes containing +intention_involuntary: 1

Classes containing +intention_scornful: 1

Classes containing +intention_threatening: 1

Classes containing +join: 2

Classes containing +liquid: 4

Classes containing +loud: 1

Classes containing +manner: 3

Classes containing +manner_breathy: 1

Classes containing +manner_harsh: 1

Classes containing +manner_of_motion: 4

Classes containing +manner_of_motion,: 1

Classes containing +manner_of_motion;: 3

Classes containing +manner_singing: 1

Classes containing +medium_air: 1

Classes containing +medium_ground: 2

Classes containing +medium_snow: 1

Classes containing +medium_water: 2

Classes containing +mix: 1

Classes containing +neg_feeling: 4

Classes containing +path_shape: 3

Classes containing +perceiving: 1

Classes containing +plant;: 1

Classes containing +pos_feeling: 4

Classes containing +prepare: 1

Classes containing +prolonged: 1

Classes containing +purpose: 2

Classes containing +repeated: 1

Classes containing +respect: 1

Classes containing +roast: 1

Classes containing +rub: 1

Classes containing +satisfaction: 1

Classes containing +season: 1

Classes containing +seeing: 1

Classes containing +shape: 1

Classes containing +smelling: 1

Classes containing +soak: 1

Classes containing +solid: 3

Classes containing +specific_form: 1

Classes containing +specific_patient: 1

Classes containing +speed: 1

Classes containing +stain: 1

Classes containing +stew: 1

Classes containing +substance: 4

Classes containing +substance_type: 1

Classes containing +surround: 1

Classes containing +tasting: 1

Classes containing +trivial_content: 1

Classes containing +unintelligible: 1

Classes containing +V_Duration: 1

Classes containing +voice_manner: 1

Classes containing +writing: 1

Classes containing -attention: 2

Classes containing -clean: 1

Classes containing -communication: 1

Classes containing -contain: 1

Classes containing -enable: 2

Classes containing -enable;: 1

Classes containing -hydrated: 2

Classes containing -improve: 2

Classes containing -join: 2

Classes containing -lagal: 2

Classes containing -respect: 2

Classes containing -satisfaction,: 1

Classes containing -satisfaction;: 1

Classes containing Accident: 1

Classes containing Accuse: 1

Classes containing Acquire: 1

Classes containing Acquire,: 2

Classes containing Acquire;: 2

Classes containing Activity: 5

Classes containing activity:: 2

Classes containing activity_type:: 4

Classes containing Advice: 3

Classes containing Advice,: 1

Classes containing agent_attitude:: 4

Classes containing agent_type:: 1

Classes containing Air: 1

Classes containing air: 2

Classes containing Amass: 1

Classes containing and: 1

Classes containing angry: 2

Classes containing Aperture: 1

Classes containing aperture: 1

Classes containing Appearance: 1

Classes containing Appearance,: 1

Classes containing Appearance;: 1

Classes containing appearance;: 1

Classes containing Appreciate: 1

Classes containing Architectural: 2

Classes containing Area: 1

Classes containing Arrive: 1

Classes containing Artifact: 3

Classes containing Artifact,: 2

Classes containing Artifact;: 1

Classes containing Artifactual: 1

Classes containing Ascend: 2

Classes containing ascend;: 1

Classes containing aspect:: 1

Classes containing Assistance: 2

Classes containing attention: 1

Classes containing attitude:: 4

Classes containing Battle;: 1

Classes containing Behavior: 1

Classes containing behavior;: 1

Classes containing believe: 1

Classes containing Boat: 1

Classes containing Boat;: 2

Classes containing Body: 1

Classes containing Break;: 1

Classes containing Broken: 1

Classes containing Business: 1

Classes containing Capture: 3

Classes containing Capture;: 2

Classes containing Car: 1

Classes containing Cause: 5

Classes containing Celebrate: 1

Classes containing celebrate: 1

Classes containing Change: 4

Classes containing Classify: 1

Classes containing Clothing: 3

Classes containing CoAgentive: 1

Classes containing color: 4

Classes containing color,: 1

Classes containing Combustible: 1

Classes containing Combustible,: 1

Classes containing competetive: 1

Classes containing Configurative: 1

Classes containing confusion: 1

Classes containing Conscious: 1

Classes containing conscious_state: 2

Classes containing Constitution: 1

Classes containing Constitutive: 1

Classes containing constitutive_state: 1

Classes containing constitutive_state;: 1

Classes containing Construction: 1

Classes containing contact_manner;: 1

Classes containing Contain: 3

Classes containing Container: 2

Classes containing container_type:: 2

Classes containing continue: 1

Classes containing Cosmetic: 1

Classes containing covering_entity_property:: 1

Classes containing covering_entity_type:: 1

Classes containing covering_purpose:: 1

Classes containing Create: 1

Classes containing create: 1

Classes containing Curve: 2

Classes containing Dairy: 1

Classes containing Damage: 1

Classes containing Damaged: 1

Classes containing Damaging: 1

Classes containing Damaging;: 1

Classes containing deceive: 1

Classes containing Deceive: 1

Classes containing decrease: 3

Classes containing decrease;: 2

Classes containing Defeat: 1

Classes containing Dent: 1

Classes containing descend: 2

Classes containing descrease: 1

Classes containing desire: 1

Classes containing Desire: 1

Classes containing Destroyed: 1

Classes containing Destroyed;: 1

Classes containing Device: 1

Classes containing direction_of_change:: 3

Classes containing direction_of_motion:: 2

Classes containing disassemble_type:: 1

Classes containing disclose: 1

Classes containing Disease: 1

Classes containing Dislike: 1

Classes containing Doubt: 1

Classes containing Drive: 1

Classes containing Driving: 2

Classes containing Drugs: 1

Classes containing effortful: 1

Classes containing emited_theme:: 1

Classes containing Enclosure: 2

Classes containing end_cognitive_state:: 1

Classes containing end_mental_state:: 1

Classes containing end_state:: 3

Classes containing Energy: 1

Classes containing engine;: 1

Classes containing entity_type:: 1

Classes containing event:: 1

Classes containing event_type:: 2

Classes containing Excretion: 2

Classes containing Excretion;: 1

Classes containing existence: 2

Classes containing existence;: 2

Classes containing experiencer_cognitive_state:: 1

Classes containing expressive_act:: 1

Classes containing Fastness: 1

Classes containing Favorable: 2

Classes containing Favorable,: 1

Classes containing Favorable;: 1

Classes containing fear: 2

Classes containing fear,: 1

Classes containing feeling;: 2

Classes containing final_state:: 1

Classes containing flavour: 1

Classes containing flavour;: 1

Classes containing Fold: 1

Classes containing food: 1

Classes containing Food: 1

Classes containing Food,: 1

Classes containing food,: 1

Classes containing food;: 1

Classes containing Food;: 1

Classes containing Force: 1

Classes containing Forgive: 1

Classes containing Forgive;: 1

Classes containing free: 1

Classes containing Free: 1

Classes containing from: 1

Classes containing Functional: 1

Classes containing furniture: 1

Classes containing Furniture: 1

Classes containing Geographical: 1

Classes containing Grooming: 1

Classes containing Grooming;: 1

Classes containing health;: 2

Classes containing hike: 2

Classes containing hike,: 2

Classes containing Hit: 1

Classes containing Household: 2

Classes containing Hydrate: 1

Classes containing Imply: 2

Classes containing Imply;: 1

Classes containing Improve: 1

Classes containing In: 1

Classes containing increase: 3

Classes containing increase;: 1

Classes containing influence: 1

Classes containing influence;: 1

Classes containing inform: 2

Classes containing Institution;: 1

Classes containing instrument_type:: 1

Classes containing InstrumentTelic: 2

Classes containing intensity,: 1

Classes containing intensity;: 2

Classes containing Join: 1

Classes containing Justify: 1

Classes containing Lead: 1

Classes containing legality:: 2

Classes containing liquid: 1

Classes containing location: 1

Classes containing Location: 3

Classes containing Location;: 1

Classes containing location;: 1

Classes containing Locative: 1

Classes containing manner_of_motion:: 1

Classes containing Marker: 1

Classes containing Material: 3

Classes containing Material,: 1

Classes containing material_used_type:: 1

Classes containing Mediate: 1

Classes containing Medicines: 1

Classes containing Medicines;: 1

Classes containing medium:: 2

Classes containing Metal: 1

Classes containing Mineral: 1

Classes containing motion_medium:: 3

Classes containing Move: 2

Classes containing Natural: 1

Classes containing Negative: 3

Classes containing negative: 2

Classes containing negative;: 1

Classes containing negative_feeling: 4

Classes containing negative_feeling,: 2

Classes containing negative_feeling;: 3

Classes containing None: 3

Classes containing Nonwholeness: 1

Classes containing Object: 2

Classes containing of: 5

Classes containing open: 1

Classes containing Opposition: 2

Classes containing Opposition;: 1

Classes containing Part: 1

Classes containing path_shape: 1

Classes containing patient_type:: 2

Classes containing persuade: 1

Classes containing Physical: 2

Classes containing physical_constitution: 3

Classes containing physical_constitution,: 1

Classes containing physical_state: 1

Classes containing physical_state;: 2

Classes containing plant: 1

Classes containing playful;: 1

Classes containing positive: 2

Classes containing Positive: 3

Classes containing positive_feeling: 3

Classes containing positive_feeling;: 2

Classes containing prepare: 1

Classes containing price;: 1

Classes containing Privative: 1

Classes containing procedure:: 2

Classes containing process:: 1

Classes containing process_type:: 2

Classes containing Produce: 1

Classes containing Product: 2

Classes containing product_shape:: 1

Classes containing Production: 1

Classes containing property_changed:: 5

Classes containing Propose: 1

Classes containing protect: 1

Classes containing protection: 1

Classes containing Punish: 1

Classes containing purpose:: 8

Classes containing quality: 2

Classes containing quality;: 2

Classes containing recreational: 1

Classes containing recreational;: 2

Classes containing Relation: 2

Classes containing Relation;: 1

Classes containing Religious: 1

Classes containing Remove: 2

Classes containing Remove;: 1

Classes containing Removed: 1

Classes containing Report_Polarity:: 2

Classes containing Reporting: 2

Classes containing Reporting;: 2

Classes containing Representational: 1

Classes containing Respond: 1

Classes containing result:: 7

Classes containing Retaliate: 1

Classes containing returning: 1

Classes containing Riding: 1

Classes containing Sadness: 1

Classes containing satisfaction: 1

Classes containing Saving: 1

Classes containing Say: 2

Classes containing Say,: 1

Classes containing Secretion: 1

Classes containing separate: 1

Classes containing shape: 1

Classes containing Site: 1

Classes containing size: 1

Classes containing size,: 1

Classes containing size;: 2

Classes containing Solid: 1

Classes containing Sound: 1

Classes containing specific_end_product: 1

Classes containing specific_shape: 1

Classes containing speech_Act_Type:: 4

Classes containing speed;: 1

Classes containing Sport: 1

Classes containing sport: 2

Classes containing sport,: 1

Classes containing State: 1

Classes containing State;: 1

Classes containing Steal: 2

Classes containing strength,: 1

Classes containing strength;: 2

Classes containing Substance: 1

Classes containing substance: 1

Classes containing Substance,: 1

Classes containing Summon: 1

Classes containing Surface: 1

Classes containing surface: 1

Classes containing surface;: 1

Classes containing surgical: 2

Classes containing surprise: 2

Classes containing surprise,: 1

Classes containing surprise;: 1

Classes containing taste: 1

Classes containing temperature;: 3

Classes containing theme_end_state:: 2

Classes containing threaten: 1

Classes containing to: 2

Classes containing Transfer: 4

Classes containing travel: 3

Classes containing travel,: 1

Classes containing travel;: 3

Classes containing turning: 1

Classes containing Underground: 1

Classes containing Vehicle: 2

Classes containing vehicle_type:: 2

Classes containing velocity:: 3

Classes containing walk,: 3

Classes containing Waste: 1

Classes containing Water: 2

Classes containing water: 1

Classes containing Weapon: 1

Classes containing Wheel: 1

Classes containing with: 2

Classes containing Wood: 1

Classes containing Write: 2

Syntactic Restrictions


Classes containing +ac_ing:
Count: 15

Classes containing +ac_to_inf:
Count: 4

Classes containing +adv_loc:
Count: 9

Classes containing +be_sc_ing:
Count: 13

Classes containing -definite:
Count: 8

Classes containing +for_comp:
Count: 4

Classes containing +genitive:
Count: 4

Classes containing +how_extract:
Count: 24

Classes containing +np_ing:
Count: 2

Classes containing +np_omit_ing:
Count: 3

Classes containing +np_p_ing:
Count: 1

Classes containing +np_ppart:
Count: 7

Classes containing +np_to_inf:
Count: 3

Classes containing +oc_bare_inf:
Count: 1

Classes containing +oc_ing:
Count: 14

Classes containing +oc_to_inf:
Count: 11

Classes containing +plural:
Count: 90

Classes containing +poss_ing:
Count: 23

Classes containing +quotation:
Count: 6

Classes containing +refl:
Count: 2

Classes containing +rs_to_inf:
Count: 2

Classes containing +sc_ing:
Count: 24

Classes containing +sc_to_inf:
Count: 14

Classes containing -sentential:
Count: 92

Classes containing +sentential:
Count: 1

Classes containing +small_clause:
Count: 2

Classes containing -tensed_that:
Count: 4

Classes containing +that_comp:
Count: 48

Classes containing +to_be:
Count: 9

Classes containing +wh_comp:
Count: 21

Classes containing +wh_extract:
Count: 3

Classes containing +wh_inf:
Count: 25

Classes containing +wh_ing:
Count: 1

Classes containing +what_extract:
Count: 32

Classes containing +what_inf:
Count: 23

Classes containing +wheth_inf:
Count: 12

Selectional Restrictions


Themroles containing +abstract:
Count: 6

Themroles containing +animal:
Count: 3

Themroles containing +animate:
Count: 330

Themroles containing -animate:
Count: 9

Themroles containing +biotic:
Count: 1

Themroles containing +body_part:
Count: 11

Themroles containing +comestible:
Count: 6

Themroles containing +communication:
Count: 10

Themroles containing +concrete:
Count: 102

Themroles containing +currency:
Count: 5

Themroles containing +elongated:
Count: 2

Themroles containing +eventive:
Count: 1

Themroles containing +force:
Count: 1

Themroles containing +garment:
Count: 1

Themroles containing +human:
Count: 4

Themroles containing +int_control:
Count: 25

Themroles containing +location:
Count: 45

Themroles containing -location:
Count: 1

Themroles containing +machine:
Count: 14

Themroles containing +nonrigid:
Count: 1

Themroles containing +organization:
Count: 177

Themroles containing -organization:
Count: 1

Themroles containing +plural:
Count: 2

Themroles containing +pointy:
Count: 1

Themroles containing +refl:
Count: 3

Themroles containing -region:
Count: 21

Themroles containing +solid:
Count: 11

Themroles containing +sound:
Count: 1

Themroles containing +substance:
Count: 2

Themroles containing +vehicle:
Count: 4

Themroles containing +vehicle_part:
Count: 1

Force Dynamics


Force dynamics is a generalization of the theory of causal relations based on transmission of force; Talmy's extended theory of causation (Talmy 1988/2000; Croft 2012). In the force dynamic model, event structure is defined in terms of the interactions between the participants in the event. An argument structure construction is the configuration of subject, object and oblique phrases which a verb occurs with. (Croft et al., 2018)

The force-dynamic decomposition of events presented in VerbNet make use of three-dimensional representations, with the three dimensions being: the qualitative dimension, the time dimension, and the causal chain. The qualitative, or q-dimension, is the dimension that represents the construal of the qualitative states that an event passes through as it unfolds over time. This dimension corresponds roughly to the verbal root. The time dimension, or t-dimension, represents the time course of the event, corresponding to the temporal profile of a process, as the latter is defined in Cognitive Grammar (Langacker 1997, 2008). The third dimension is the causal chain, the sequence of participants linked by the force-dynamic (transmission of force) relationships that hold among them. The causal chain, generally construed as being asymmetrical and nonbranching, represents the meanings of the argument structure construction (ASC). Argument structure constructions are defined as the verb plus a construction, a combination of subject, object and/or oblique phrases dependent on a single predicate. The ASC may be polysemous, as specialized meanings emerge when ASCs are combined with different classes of verbs.

Verb classes in VerbNet are linked to Force Dynamics relations where available.

Thematic Role Hierarchy



Preposition Class Hierarchy


% Visual Preposition Class Hierarchy
% --------------------------------------------------------
% spatial
%   |-------> loc
%   |-------> path
%                |-------> dir
%                |-------> src
%                |-------> dest
%                             |-------> dest_conf
%                             |-------> dest_dir

% dynamic spatial prep % src % dest_conf % dest_dir % dir % loc
isa(src,path)
isa(dir,path)
isa(dest,path)
isa(dest_conf,dest)
isa(dest_dir,dest)
isa(path,spatial)
isa(loc,spatial)
isa(from,src)
isa(out,src)
isa(out_of,src)
isa(off,src)
isa(off_of,src)
isa(into,dest_conf)
isa(onto,dest_conf)
isa(for,dest_dir)
(%only for intrans?)

isa(at,dest_dir)
isa(to,dest_dir)
isa(towards,dest_dir)
isa(across,dir)
isa(along,dir)
isa(around,dir)
isa(down,dir)
isa(over,dir)
isa(past,dir)
isa(round,dir)
isa(through,dir)
isa(towards,dir)
isa(up,dir)
isa(about,loc)             isa(above,loc)
isa(against,loc)           isa(along,loc)
isa(alongside,loc)       isa(amid,loc)
isa(among,loc)           isa(amongst,loc)
isa(around,loc)           isa(astride,loc)
isa(at,loc)                   isa(athwart,loc)
isa(before,loc)           isa(behind,loc)
isa(below,loc)           isa(beneath,loc)
isa(beside,loc)           isa(between,loc)
isa(beyond,loc)         isa(by,loc)
(?)isa(from,loc)         isa(in,loc)
isa(in_front_of,loc)   isa(inside,loc)
isa(near,loc)               isa(next_to,loc)
isa(off,loc)                 isa(on,loc)
isa(opposite,loc)       isa(out_of,loc)
isa(outside,loc)         isa(over,loc)
isa(round,loc)           isa(throughout,loc)
isa(under,loc)           isa(underneath,loc)
isa(upon,loc)           isa(within,loc)