Definition:
Actor in an event who initiates and carries out the event intentionally or consciously, and who exists independently of the event.
Example:
THEY decided to go.
Agent
VERB
Definition:
An Undergoer in an event that is usually structurally changed, for instance by experiencing a change of state or condition; is often acted upon by an agent; is causally involved or directly affected by other participants; and exists independently of the event.
Example:
Brutus murdered JULIUS CAESAR.
Patient
Selectional Restrictions:
None
{ to into }
Definition:
Goal that comes into existence through the event.
Example:
He strangled his victims TO DEATH.
Result
Selectional Restrictions:
None
{ with }
Definition:
Undergoer in an event that is manipulated by an agent, and with which an intentional act is performed; it exists independently of the event. For all roles containing symmetrical participants, we assume that the ordering is non-arbitrary and may be pragmatically determined and/or related to figure-ground considerations; however, the usefulness of this distinction may be application-specific.
Example:
Jennifer baked the potatoes IN THE OVEN.
Instrument
Definition:
Two participants come into physical contact.
Arguments:
during(E) OR end(E), Participant, Participant
¬
contact(
e1
,
Definition:
Undergoer in an event that is manipulated by an agent, and with which an intentional act is performed; it exists independently of the event. For all roles containing symmetrical participants, we assume that the ordering is non-arbitrary and may be pragmatically determined and/or related to figure-ground considerations; however, the usefulness of this distinction may be application-specific.
Example:
Jennifer baked the potatoes IN THE OVEN.
Instrument
,
Definition:
An Undergoer in an event that is usually structurally changed, for instance by experiencing a change of state or condition; is often acted upon by an agent; is causally involved or directly affected by other participants; and exists independently of the event.
Example:
Brutus murdered JULIUS CAESAR.
Patient
)
Definition:
A participant engages in an action.
Arguments:
during(E), Agent OR Patient, Predicate OR Result OR Theme
do(
e2
,
Definition:
Actor in an event who initiates and carries out the event intentionally or consciously, and who exists independently of the event.
Example:
THEY decided to go.
Agent
)
Definition:
An Agent uses a Theme or Instrument
Arguments:
during(E), Agent, Instrument OR Theme, (Predicate)
utilize(
e2
,
Definition:
Actor in an event who initiates and carries out the event intentionally or consciously, and who exists independently of the event.
Example:
THEY decided to go.
Agent
,
Definition:
Undergoer in an event that is manipulated by an agent, and with which an intentional act is performed; it exists independently of the event. For all roles containing symmetrical participants, we assume that the ordering is non-arbitrary and may be pragmatically determined and/or related to figure-ground considerations; however, the usefulness of this distinction may be application-specific.
Example:
Jennifer baked the potatoes IN THE OVEN.
Instrument
)
Definition:
One or more Participants contribute to an event in a certain manner.
Arguments:
(E OR end(E) OR during(E)), Manner OR Agent, Participant
manner(
e2
,
movement
,
Definition:
Undergoer in an event that is manipulated by an agent, and with which an intentional act is performed; it exists independently of the event. For all roles containing symmetrical participants, we assume that the ordering is non-arbitrary and may be pragmatically determined and/or related to figure-ground considerations; however, the usefulness of this distinction may be application-specific.
Example:
Jennifer baked the potatoes IN THE OVEN.
Instrument
)
Definition:
Two participants come into physical contact.
Arguments:
during(E) OR end(E), Participant, Participant
contact(
e3
,
Definition:
Undergoer in an event that is manipulated by an agent, and with which an intentional act is performed; it exists independently of the event. For all roles containing symmetrical participants, we assume that the ordering is non-arbitrary and may be pragmatically determined and/or related to figure-ground considerations; however, the usefulness of this distinction may be application-specific.
Example:
Jennifer baked the potatoes IN THE OVEN.
Instrument
,
Definition:
An Undergoer in an event that is usually structurally changed, for instance by experiencing a change of state or condition; is often acted upon by an agent; is causally involved or directly affected by other participants; and exists independently of the event.
Example:
Brutus murdered JULIUS CAESAR.
Patient
)
Definition:
One or more Participants contribute to an event in a certain manner.
Arguments:
(E OR end(E) OR during(E)), Manner OR Agent, Participant
manner(
e3
,
Definition:
An Agent completes an action by using/applying force.
Arguments:
Manner(E, Manner/Agent, Participant)
forceful
,
Definition:
Undergoer in an event that is manipulated by an agent, and with which an intentional act is performed; it exists independently of the event. For all roles containing symmetrical participants, we assume that the ordering is non-arbitrary and may be pragmatically determined and/or related to figure-ground considerations; however, the usefulness of this distinction may be application-specific.
Example:
Jennifer baked the potatoes IN THE OVEN.
Instrument
)
has_state(
e4
,
Definition:
An Undergoer in an event that is usually structurally changed, for instance by experiencing a change of state or condition; is often acted upon by an agent; is causally involved or directly affected by other participants; and exists independently of the event.
Example:
Brutus murdered JULIUS CAESAR.
Patient
,
Definition:
Goal that comes into existence through the event.
Example:
He strangled his victims TO DEATH.
Result
)
Definition:
An Affector (Agent, Cause, Stimulus, or Precondition) causes an event.
Arguments:
Affector, E
cause(
e2
,
e3
)
Definition:
An Affector (Agent, Cause, Stimulus, or Precondition) causes an event.
Arguments:
Affector, E
cause(
e3
,
e4
)