Parent Classes:

Member Verb Lemmas:

ROLES:

Definition:
Actor in an event who initiates and carries out the event intentionally or consciously, and who exists independently of the event.
Example:
THEY decided to go.

Agent [ +int_control ]

Definition:
An Undergoer in an event that is usually structurally changed, for instance by experiencing a change of state or condition; is often acted upon by an agent; is causally involved or directly affected by other participants; and exists independently of the event.
Example:
Brutus murdered JULIUS CAESAR.

Patient [ +concrete ]

Definition:
Undergoer in an event that is manipulated by an agent, and with which an intentional act is performed; it exists independently of the event. For all roles containing symmetrical participants, we assume that the ordering is non-arbitrary and may be pragmatically determined and/or related to figure-ground considerations; however, the usefulness of this distinction may be application-specific.
Example:
Jennifer baked the potatoes IN THE OVEN.

Instrument [ +concrete ]

Definition:
The starting point (possibly metaphoric) of an action; it exists independently of the event.
Example:
I gleaned FROM THE EVIDENCE how she did it.

Source

Definition:
Goal that comes into existence through the event.
Example:
He strangled his victims TO DEATH.

Result

NP V NP NP V NP PP.instrument NP V PP NP V PP NP V PP PP NP V ADVP-Middle NP.instrument V NP NP.instrument V ADVP NP V NP ADJP NP V NP ADJP PP.instrument NP V NP PP.result NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument NP V NP ADJP NP V NP PP.result NP V NP PP.source NP V NP PP.source PP.instrument

EXAMPLE:

Carol cut the bread.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB Patient

SEMANTICS:

¬ degradation_material_integrity( e1 , Patient )
do( e2 , Agent )
utilize( e2 , Agent , ?Instrument )
manner( e2 , V_Movement , Agent )
contact( e2 , Patient , ?Instrument )
degradation_material_integrity( e3 , Patient )
cause( e2 , e3 )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Volitional COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Carol cut the bread with a knife.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB Patient { with } Instrument

SEMANTICS:

¬ degradation_material_integrity( e1 , Patient )
do( e2 , Agent )
utilize( e2 , Agent , Instrument )
manner( e2 , V_Movement , Agent )
contact( e2 , Patient , Instrument )
degradation_material_integrity( e3 , Patient )
cause( e2 , e3 )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Instrument COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Carol cut at the bread.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB (at) Patient

SEMANTICS:

do( e1 , Agent )
utilize( e1 , Agent , ?Instrument )
manner( e1 , V_Movement , Agent )
contact( e1 , Patient , ?Instrument )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Volitional Attend FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Carol cut through the bread.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB { through|into } Patient

SEMANTICS:

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Volitional COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Carol cut at the bread with a knife.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB (at) Patient { with } Instrument

SEMANTICS:

do( e1 , Agent )
utilize( e1 , Agent , Instrument )
manner( e1 , V_Movement , Agent )
contact( e1 , Patient , Instrument )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Instrument Attend FD representation

EXAMPLE:

The bread cut easily.

SYNTAX:

Patient VERB ADV

SEMANTICS:

¬ degradation_material_integrity( e1 , Patient )
do( e2 , ?Agent )
utilize( e2 , ?Agent , ?Instrument )
contact( e2 , Patient , ?Instrument )
degradation_material_integrity( e3 , Patient )
cause( e2 , e3 )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Autonomous Internal FD representation

EXAMPLE:

The knife cut the bread.

SYNTAX:

Instrument VERB Patient

SEMANTICS:

¬ degradation_material_integrity( e1 , Patient )
do( e2 , ?Agent )
utilize( e2 , ?Agent , Instrument )
contact( e2 , Patient , Instrument )
degradation_material_integrity( e3 , Patient )
cause( e2 , e3 )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Physical COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

This knife cuts well.

SYNTAX:

Instrument VERB ADV

SEMANTICS:

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Autonomous Internal FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Carol cut the envelop open.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB Patient Result

SEMANTICS:

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Volitional COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Carol cut the envelope open with the knife.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB Patient Result { with } Instrument

SEMANTICS:

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Instrument COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Carol cut the envelope into pieces.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB Patient { to into } Result

SEMANTICS:

¬ degradation_material_integrity( e1 , Patient )
do( e2 , Agent )
utilize( e2 , Agent , ?Instrument )
contact( e2 , Patient , ?Instrument )
manner( e2 , V_Movement , Agent )
degradation_material_integrity( e3 , Patient )
has_state( e3 , Patient , Result )
cause( e2 , e3 )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Volitional COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Carol cut the envelope into pieces with a knife.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB Patient { to into } Result { with } Instrument

SEMANTICS:

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Instrument COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

The knife cut the envelope open.

SYNTAX:

Instrument VERB Patient Result

SEMANTICS:

¬ degradation_material_integrity( e1 , Patient )
do( e2 , ?Agent )
utilize( e2 , ?Agent , Instrument )
manner( e2 , V_Movement , Agent )
contact( e2 , Patient , Instrument )
degradation_material_integrity( e3 , Patient )
has_state( e3 , Patient , Result )
cause( e2 , e3 )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Physical COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

The knife cut the envelope into pieces.

SYNTAX:

Instrument VERB Patient { to into } Result

SEMANTICS:

¬ degradation_material_integrity( e1 , Patient )
do( e2 , ?Agent )
utilize( e2 , ?Agent , Instrument )
manner( e2 , V_Movement , ?Agent )
contact( e2 , Patient , Instrument )
degradation_material_integrity( e3 , Patient )
has_state( e3 , Patient , Result )
cause( e2 , e3 )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Physical COS FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Sympathetic fans clipped copies of Ms. Shere's recipes from magazines.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB Patient { from } Source

SEMANTICS:

has_location( e1 , Patient , Source )
¬ degradation_material_integrity( e1 , Patient )
do( e2 , Agent )
manner( e2 , V_Movement , Agent )
contact( e2 , Patient , ?Instrument )
degradation_material_integrity( e3 , Patient )
¬ has_location( e3 , Patient , Source )
cause( e2 , e3 )

FORCE DYNAMICS:

Volitional Remove FD representation

EXAMPLE:

Susan cut the recipes from the magazine with a sharp knife.

SYNTAX:

Agent VERB Patient { from } Source { with } Instrument

SEMANTICS:

has_location( e1 , Patient , Source )
¬ degradation_material_integrity( e1 , Patient )
do( e2 , Agent )
utilize( e2 , Agent , Instrument )
manner( e2 , V_Movement , Agent )
contact( e2 , Patient , Instrument )
degradation_material_integrity( e3 , Patient )
¬ has_location( e3 , Patient , Source )
cause( e2 , e3 )